amplifyeyecare-logo-base2-icon

Learn about the Visual Conditions that Can Cause Strabismus

The various visual conditions that can cause strabismus, including amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia, down syndrome, cranial nerve palsies, convergence insufficiency, Brown syndrome, fourth nerve palsy, sixth nerve palsy, and myasthenia gravis.

Find an amplify doctor near you

What causes Strabismus?

The cause of strabismus can stem from a number of factors, including abnormalities in the eye muscles, nerves controlling these muscles, and vision centers in the brain that regulate binocular vision. It can also result from poor vision in one or both eyes. Additionally, genetics can also play a role, with children of parents with strabismus having a higher likelihood of developing the condition. Strabismus can present at birth, during infancy or childhood, or later in life, and in some cases, it may be an indicator of a more serious eye disease or health issue. Other contributing factors include eye or orbital injury, head trauma, premature birth or low birth weight, uncorrected farsightedness, muscular or neurological abnormalities, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome.

 

Amplify EyeCare Eye Clinic Logo

Take our Vision Quiz to learn whether you should explore Vision Therapy

Amplify EyeCare

Amblyopia and Strabismus

Amblyopia, also known as "lazy eye," is the most common cause of strabismus in children. In this condition, one eye does not develop properly, and as a result, it does not function correctly. This can lead to reduced vision in the affected eye and a misalignment with the other eye. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including a difference in the refractive power of the eyes, a misalignment of the eyes, or a blockage of vision in one eye. If detected early, amblyopia can often be successfully treated with patching or other therapies.

Esotropia and Exotropia and Strabismus

Esotropia is a form of strabismus that occurs when one eye turns inward, towards the nose. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including muscle imbalances or farsightedness. The misalignment caused by esotropia can lead to amblyopia, where the brain begins to ignore the misaligned eye.

Exotropia is a form of strabismus where one eye turns outward, away from the nose. Like esotropia, exotropia can be caused by muscle imbalances or nearsightedness. If left untreated, it can lead to amblyopia, where the brain begins to ignore the misaligned eye. Esotropia and exotropia are two of the most common forms of strabismus in adults. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological conditions, eye injuries, or problems with the eye muscles. Treatment options for these conditions may include glasses, eye exercises, and surgery.

Special Needs and Strabismus

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that can cause a range of physical and intellectual disabilities. It is one of the conditions that can increase the risk of developing strabismus, with estimates that between 20% and 60% of people with Down Syndrome have strabismus. In individuals with Down syndrome, the risk of developing strabismus may be due to genetic factors, but it can also result from other associated health conditions. Early detection and treatment of strabismus can help improve vision and prevent complications, so it is important to monitor the eye health of individuals with Down syndrome and schedule a functional or developmental eye exam if any symptoms of strabismus are present.

Cerebral Palsy is a group of neurological disorders that affects movement and muscle coordination. In some individuals with cerebral palsy, strabismus can also develop. This is because the disorder can cause abnormalities in the nerves that control eye movement and muscle coordination, leading to a misalignment of the eyes. Children with cerebral palsy have an increased risk of developing strabismus, and in some cases, the condition may worsen as they grow older. Treatment for strabismus in individuals with cerebral palsy may involve eye exercises, glasses, or in severe cases, surgery to correct the misalignment of the eyes. It's important to note that prompt and appropriate treatment can improve the visual function and quality of life for individuals with both cerebral palsy and strabismus.

Nerve that control eye movement and Strabismus

Cranial Nerve Palsies is a condition that can affect one or more of the nerves that control eye movement, leading to strabismus. Cranial nerve palsies can be caused by a variety of factors, including head injuries, strokes, or tumors. Treatment options for this condition may include surgery, eye patches, or glasses.

Duane Syndrome is a rare eye movement disorder that affects about 1 in 10,000 people. This condition occurs when the nerves that control eye movement are not functioning properly. As a result, affected individuals may experience difficulty moving their eyes in certain directions or may have a misalignment of the eyes. The condition is usually diagnosed in early childhood, and treatment options may include eye exercises or surgery.

Fourth Nerve Palsy is a condition that occurs when the fourth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the superior oblique muscle, is damaged. Fourth nerve palsy can be caused by a range of factors, including head trauma, infections, and vascular disorders. Symptoms may include double vision, head tilt, and a misalignment of the eyes. Treatment options may include eye patches, prism lenses, and surgery to correct the muscle abnormality.

Sixth Nerve Palsy is a condition that occurs when the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, is damaged. Sixth nerve palsy can be caused by a range of factors, including head trauma, infections, and vascular disorders. Symptoms may include horizontal double vision, eye strain, and a misalignment of the eyes. Treatment options may include eye patches, prism lenses, and surgery to correct the muscle abnormality.

Eye muscle and eye control and strabismus

Convergence Insufficiency is a condition that occurs when the eyes have difficulty working together to focus on objects that are near. Although the exact connection between convergence insufficiency and strabismus is unknown, between 10-20 percent of those who have strabismus, also experience convergence insufficiency of some degree. 

Brown Syndrome is a rare condition that affects the muscles that control eye movement. It occurs when there is an abnormality in the trochlea, a small cartilaginous loop through which the superior oblique muscle passes. Brown Syndrome can cause limited movement of the affected eye, resulting in strabismus. Symptoms of Brown Syndrome may include a painful or restricted movement of the affected eye, double vision, and a misalignment of the eyes. Treatment options may include eye patches, prism lenses, and surgery to correct the muscle or trochlear abnormality

Autoimmune diseases, thyroid and strabismus

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that can cause muscle weakness and fatigue, including in the muscles that control eye movement. Myasthenia gravis can cause a range of visual symptoms, including double vision, drooping eyelids, and strabismus.

Graves disease and other thyroid diseases can be a potential cause of strabismus as an autoimmune response can affect the muscles controlling eye movement. The eye muscles become swollen and cause the eyes to become misaligned, leading to double vision and strabismus. Additionally, Graves disease can cause inflammation and fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, leading to strabismus. The connection between strabismus and thyroid diseases highlights the importance of regular check-ups and monitoring of thyroid health to prevent the development of eye disorders.

Find an amplify doctor near you
  1. Abnormalities in eye muscles: Strabismus can occur when the eye muscles are not working properly.
  2. Nerve damage: Damage to the nerves that control the eye muscles can result in strabismus.
  3. Brain abnormalities: Abnormalities in the vision centers in the brain that control binocular vision can cause strabismus.
  4. Poor vision in one or both eyes: If one or both eyes have poor vision, it can result in strabismus.
  5. Genetics: Children of a parent or parents with strabismus have a greater risk of developing strabismus themselves.
  6. Birth defects: Strabismus can be present at birth due to eye muscle or nerve abnormalities.
  7. Infancy or childhood development: Strabismus can develop during infancy or childhood.
  8. Aging: Strabismus can occur later in life as part of the aging process.
  9. Eye injuries: Eye injuries can result in strabismus.
  10. Head trauma: Head injuries can cause strabismus by damaging the nerves or muscles that control the eyes.
  11. Premature birth: Infants born prematurely have a higher risk of developing strabismus.
  12. Low birth weight: Low birth weight can increase the risk of strabismus.
  13. Farsightedness: Uncorrected farsightedness (hyperopia) can lead to strabismus.
  14. Muscular abnormalities: Abnormalities in the eye muscles can result in strabismus.
  15. Neurological abnormalities: Neurological issues can cause strabismus.
  16. Brain tumors: Brain tumors can cause strabismus by affecting the nerves or muscles that control the eyes.
  17. Multiple sclerosis: Strabismus can be a symptom of multiple sclerosis.
  18. Strokes: Strokes can result in strabismus by damaging the nerves that control the eye muscles.
  19. Brain infections: Infections in the brain can cause strabismus by affecting the nerves that control the eye muscles.
  20. Alcohol or drug abuse: Substance abuse can cause strabismus by damaging the nerves or muscles that control the eyes.
  21. Environmental toxins: Exposure to environmental toxins can result in strabismus.
  22. Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause strabismus by affecting the nerves that control the eye muscles.
  23. Diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk of developing strabismus.
  24. Hypertension: High blood pressure can increase the risk of strabismus.
  25. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases can cause strabismus by affecting the nerves or muscles that control the eyes.
  26. Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of certain nutrients can increase the risk of developing strabismus.
  27. Anemia: Anemia can increase the risk of strabismus by affecting the nerves or muscles that control the eyes.
  28. Congenital cataracts are often accompanied by strabismus and nystagmus. The prevalence of strabismus in patients with bilateral congenital cataracts has been reported to be 25.9%-78.9%
  29. Tumors in the brain - Tumors in the area of the brain responsible for controlling eye movement can lead to strabismus.
  30. Multiple Sclerosis - MS can affect the nerve pathways that control eye movement, leading to strabismus.
  31. Botulinum toxin injections - The injection of botulinum toxin can affect the muscles that control eye movement and cause strabismus.
  32. Chronic amblyopia - Long-standing amblyopia, or "lazy eye," can cause the eye muscles to become imbalanced, leading to strabismus.
  33. Presbyopia - As the eyes age and lose their ability to focus, strabismus can develop.
  34. Diabetes - Diabetes can damage the nerve pathways that control eye movement, leading to strabismus.
  35. Glaucoma - Increased pressure in the eye can affect the eye muscles and lead to strabismus.
  36. Retinal detachment - A detachment of the retina can lead to visual confusion, which can cause strabismus.
  37. Optic neuritis - Inflammation of the optic nerve can cause strabismus as a result of damage to the nerve pathways that control eye movement.
  38. Toxoplasmosis - Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can cause inflammation of the optic nerve, leading to strabismus.
  39. Cavernous sinus thrombosis - Blood clots in the cavernous sinus can affect the nerve pathways that control eye movement and lead to strabismus.
  40. Thyroid eye disease - An autoimmune disorder that affects the eye muscles and surrounding tissues can cause strabismus.
  41. Orbital cellulitis - Infection and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the eye can affect eye movement and lead to strabismus.
  42. Migraines - Migraines can affect the eye muscles and cause temporary strabismus, particularly when accompanied by visual aura.

Schedule a Functional Eye Exam for Strabismus

It's important to note that all of these conditions require prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment by your functional optometrist. Treatment options may vary depending on the underlying cause of the strabismus, the severity of the symptoms, and the individual's overall health and vision status. Functional eye exams are essential for maintaining good eye health and detecting any potential vision problems, including strabismus.

Vision Therapy optometry and eye care
Amplify EyeCare and Optometrists

Experience World-Class Optometry Care with an Amplify EyeCare Doctor Near You

Amplify EyeCare is a team of a passionate and experienced optometrists practicing eye care at the cutting edge of technology and vision science. We are growing with new locations coming across the US.
Visit a Vision Therapy eye doctor at an Amplify EyeCare practice near you:

Common Questions

Strabismus can be caused by a variety of factors, including problems with the eye muscles, nerves, or brain. Some of the most common causes of strabismus are: Abnormalities in the eye muscles or nerves controlling them: This can result in imbalanced eye movement, leading to strabismus. Amblyopia, or "lazy eye": This occurs when one eye is consistently used over the other, causing the eye that is not being used to drift out of alignment. Refractive error: Refractive errors, such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism, can cause a misalignment of the eyes, resulting in strabismus. If not corrected, these refractive errors can lead to amblyopia and strabismus. However, there are many other conditions that can lead to strabismus, including neurological disorders and eye conditions like cataracts. A thorough functional eye exam by our optometrist can help determine the underlying cause of strabismus.
Strabismus is often mislabeled as "lazy eye," but it is important to note that these terms do not refer to the same condition. Lazy eye, or amblyopia, is a separate eye condition that can cause reduced vision in one eye due to a failure of the brain to fully recognize the visual input from that eye. Strabismus, on the other hand, refers to a misalignment of the eyes that can cause visual confusion and other symptoms.
Several neurological conditions can cause strabismus, including cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis. These conditions can affect the nerves or structures in the brain that control eye movement, leading to misalignment of the eyes and strabismus.
Strabismus can be caused by a variety of problems with the brain or nervous system, but the specific part of the brain that is affected can depend on the underlying cause of the strabismus. In some cases, the muscles or nerves that control eye movement may be affected, while in other cases, the parts of the brain responsible for processing visual information may be affected.
Several factors can worsen strabismus, including stress, fatigue, illness, and certain medications. In addition, certain eye conditions, such as cataracts or uncorrected refractive errors, can also exacerbate strabismus by interfering with visual input to one or both eyes.
While stress can exacerbate some symptoms of strabismus, it is not a direct cause of the condition. Strabismus is typically caused by a variety of structural or neurological factors that affect the alignment of the eyes and can interfere with binocular vision.
People with strabismus may experience a variety of visual symptoms, depending on the severity and type of the condition. Common symptoms include double vision, visual confusion, eye strain, and a misalignment of the eyes. Some people with strabismus may also experience reduced visual acuity in one or both eyes, as well as difficulty with depth perception and other visual tasks.
Amplify EyeCare cartoon

Don't Let Strabismus Affect Your Vision: See Our Optometrists Today

If you're experiencing symptoms of strabismus and it's affecting your vision, don't wait to seek treatment. Our team of experienced optometrists has the knowledge and experience necessary to help diagnose and treat your condition, restoring your vision and improving your quality of life. To schedule an eye exam, you can reach out to your nearest Amplify EyeCare practice either via a call or in-person visit. 

Contact Us To Amplify Your EyeCare

starchevron-downarrow-uparrow-right