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Everything You Need to Know About Pink Eye

Pink eye is generally a harmless inflammation of the eye, however it can be very irritating and it’s important to understand the condition and to know what steps to take.

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What is Pink Eye?

Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition affecting people of all ages. It occurs when the conjunctiva—the clear tissue covering the white part of your eye and the inside of your eyelids—becomes inflamed. This inflammation gives the eye a pinkish or reddish appearance, hence the name "Pink Eye."

The condition can be triggered by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or irritants like smoke and dust. Symptoms typically involve redness, itchiness, and a gritty feeling in the eye. In some cases, you might also experience discharge or tearing.

Symptoms of Pink Eye

  • Redness in One or Both Eyes: Almost universally present in cases of pink eye, a pink or red coloration is often the first noticeable sign.
  • Itching: A constant itchiness in the affected eye is highly common, tempting you to scratch and worsen the condition.
  • Tearing: Excessive tearing or watery eyes can occur, often as the eye's natural response to the inflammation.
  • Gritty Feeling: Some people describe a feeling as if a small piece of sand or grit is stuck in the eye.
  • Discharge: A yellow or greenish discharge can accumulate, particularly during sleep. This is more common in bacterial conjunctivitis.
  • Sensitivity to Light: Bright lights may become bothersome, sometimes leading to squinting or the need to dim lights. Learn more about light sensitivity.
  • Swollen Eyelids: Although less frequent, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids can also happen.
  • Blurred Vision: In some instances, especially if discharge has accumulated, you may experience temporarily blurred vision.

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult an eye care specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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How Do I Know If It's Pink Eye or Something Else?

While pink eye has characteristic symptoms, other eye problems can manifest similarly. Here are some points to help you differentiate:

  • Consult an Eye Care Provider: The most reliable way to diagnose pink eye is by consulting an optometrist. They can perform an eye exam to confirm the diagnosis.
  • Onset and Duration: Pink eye symptoms usually appear suddenly and can last from a few days to two weeks, depending on the type. Other conditions like dry eyes or eye allergies may have more persistent or intermittent symptoms.
  • Both Eyes or One Eye: Pink eye often starts in one eye and may spread to the other. Conditions like eye allergies usually affect both eyes simultaneously.
  • Discharge Type: The nature of eye discharge can be a clue. Yellow or greenish discharge often points to bacterial conjunctivitis, whereas a clear, watery discharge is common in viral or allergic forms.
  • Associated Symptoms: If symptoms like pain, severe light sensitivity, or vision changes are present, it could indicate a more severe eye condition that requires immediate medical attention.
  • Exposure: Consider if you’ve been around someone with pink eye, as it is often contagious. Other conditions like eye allergies are not spreadable.
  • Response to Over-the-Counter Treatment: Over-the-counter eye drops may relieve symptoms of allergies but usually won't affect the course of bacterial or viral pink eye.
  • Seasonal Factors: Allergies often have a seasonal pattern, while pink eye can occur at any time of the year.
  • Environmental Triggers: If symptoms appeared after exposure to allergens like pollen or pet dander, or irritants like smoke or chemicals, it might not be pink eye.
When Do I Need to See a Doctor for Pink Eye?

When Do I Need to See a Doctor for Pink Eye?

While pink eye is often mild and can resolve on its own, there are situations when it's crucial to consult an eye care specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here are the signs that you should seek medical advice:

  • Persistent Symptoms: If your symptoms have lasted for more than a week with no improvement, it's time to see a doctor.
  • Severe Redness or Pain: Unusually intense redness or pain in the eye could indicate a more serious issue that requires immediate attention.
  • Vision Changes: Any loss of vision, blurriness, or increased sensitivity to light should be promptly evaluated.
  • Pus or Thick Discharge: A yellow or greenish pus discharge usually suggests bacterial conjunctivitis, which often requires antibiotic treatment.
  • Pre-existing Health Conditions: If you have a compromised immune system due to conditions like HIV or cancer treatment, even mild symptoms should be checked by a doctor.
  • Newborns and Infants: Babies with symptoms of pink eye should be taken to a doctor immediately, as their immune systems are still developing.
  • Symptoms in Both Eyes: If both eyes are affected, or if the condition spreads from one eye to the other, consult an eye doctor.
  • Unsuccessful Home Treatment: If over-the-counter eye drops or home remedies have failed to improve the condition within a couple of days, seek medical help.
  • Associated Symptoms: If you also experience symptoms like a high fever, body aches, or upper respiratory issues, medical advice is warranted.
  • Contact Lens Wearer: Prolonged wear or misuse of contact lenses can complicate pink eye and make it harder to treat. If you're a contact lens wearer with symptoms, consult your eye doctor.
Different Types of Pink Eye and Their Causes

Different Types of Pink Eye and Their Causes

Understanding the different types of pink eye and what causes them is essential for effective treatment. Here's a guide to the most common forms:

Viral Conjunctivitis:

  • Cause: Usually caused by adenoviruses, the same family of viruses responsible for the common cold.
  • Symptoms: Red, itchy eyes with a watery discharge. Often starts in one eye and spreads to the other.
  • Contagious: Highly contagious and can easily spread through contact.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

  • Cause: Often results from bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Symptoms: Red eyes with yellow or greenish discharge, sometimes accompanied by eyelid swelling.
  • Contagious: Also contagious; hygiene measures like frequent handwashing are essential.

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

  • Cause: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, or animal dander.
  • Symptoms: Itchy, red eyes with a clear, watery discharge. Usually occurs in both eyes.
  • Contagious: Not contagious, but can be recurring if you are exposed to the allergen again.

Chemical Conjunctivitis:

  • Cause: Caused by exposure to irritants like chlorine, smoke, or certain industrial chemicals.
  • Symptoms: Red, burning eyes, often with a watery discharge.
  • Contagious: Not contagious but may require medical treatment to prevent complications.

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC):

  • Cause: Often a result of wearing contact lenses for extended periods or due to foreign material in the eye.
  • Symptoms: Red, itchy eyes with large bumps under the eyelids and a thick discharge.
  • Contagious: Not contagious but often requires changes in contact lens wear or treatment for resolution.

Chlamydial and Gonococcal Conjunctivitis:

  • Cause: Caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.
  • Symptoms: Severe redness, discharge, and eyelid swelling.
  • Contagious: Can be sexually transmitted and requires medical treatment.

If you suspect you have pink eye, it's crucial to identify which type you might be dealing with to get the right treatment. Consult an eye doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.

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What's the Difference Between Pink Eye and a Stye?

What's the Difference Between Pink Eye and a Stye?

Pink Eye and a stye are both eye conditions that can cause redness and discomfort, but they are different in their symptoms, causes, and treatments.

Pink Eye, or conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, or irritants like smoke and chemicals. The condition often affects both eyes and is characterized by symptoms like redness, itchiness, tearing, and sometimes a discharge.

A stye, on the other hand, is a localized infection or inflammation usually affecting the eyelid. It's commonly caused by a bacterial infection in an oil gland or hair follicle on the eyelid. A stye tends to be more painful than pink eye and usually appears as a lump or bump on the eyelid. It can also cause swelling of the eyelid and may be accompanied by a pus-filled center. Unlike pink eye, a stye is usually not contagious and often affects only one eye.

Am I at Risk for Pink Eye?

While pink eye is a common condition that can affect almost anyone, certain factors can increase your risk:

  • Close Contact Environments: Schools, daycare centers, and crowded public places can be hotspots for the spread of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis.
  • Seasonal Allergies: If you have allergies, especially seasonal ones, you're more susceptible to allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Contact Lens Wear: Incorrect or extended use of contact lenses can raise your risk of bacterial and other types of pink eye, including giant papillary conjunctivitis.
  • Weak Immune System: A compromised immune system makes you more vulnerable to infections, including bacterial and viral conjunctivitis.
  • Pre-existing Eye Conditions: Chronic dry eyes or previous eye surgeries can make you more susceptible to conjunctivitis.
  • Age: Children are particularly at risk due to close contact in schools and less stringent hygiene practices.
  • Occupational Risks: Jobs that require exposure to chemicals, fumes, or a lot of dust can increase your risk of chemical or irritant conjunctivitis.
  • Sharing Personal Items: Using shared makeup, towels, or eye drops can easily spread the condition.
  • Sexual Activity: Risky sexual behavior and exposure to sexually transmitted infections can lead to types of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea.
  • Family History: A history of allergic diseases like hay fever, asthma, or eczema in your family can predispose you to allergic conjunctivitis.

Understanding these risk factors can help you take preventive measures. If you find yourself in one or more of these risk categories, be especially vigilant about eye hygiene and be quick to seek medical advice if symptoms arise.

When Do I Need to See a Doctor for Pink Eye?
Different Types of Pink Eye and Their Causes

Treatment Options for Different Types of Pink Eye

Viral Conjunctivitis

  • Most cases resolve on their own within 7-14 days.
  • Cold compresses and lubricating eye drops can relieve discomfort.
  • Antiviral medications are rarely prescribed but may be used in severe cases.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

  • Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are commonly prescribed.
  • It's essential to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.
  • Warm compresses can help relieve symptoms.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

  • Avoidance of the allergen is the first step in treatment.
  • Over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops can relieve symptoms.
  • In severe cases, prescription eye drops or oral antihistamines may be needed.

Chemical Conjunctivitis

  • Immediate flushing of the eye with water or a saline solution is crucial.
  • Depending on the severity, anti-inflammatory eye drops may be prescribed.
  • Consult an optometrist for proper evaluation and treatment.

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)

  • Removing the irritant, like changing contact lenses or removing foreign objects, is essential.
  • Topical anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed.
  • Steroid eye drops are sometimes used for severe cases but must be closely monitored.

For all types of pink eye, maintaining good eye hygiene is crucial. Wash your hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes, and discard any makeup or eye care products that may have been contaminated.

It's always best to consult an eye care specialist for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan, especially if you have severe or persistent symptoms.

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Common Questions

Many of our patients who have red eyes wonder if they have an eye infection. Just because you have red, irritated or swollen eyes does not necessarily mean you have pink eye which is medically known as conjunctivitis. It is also possible for your symptoms to be caused by a wide variety of conditions such as seasonal allergies, extended use or overuse of contact lenses, dry eye, marijuana use, styes, extended use of computers or phones, iritis, chalazion (inflammation of the eyelid gland), or blepharitis (inflammation or infection of the eyelid skin). None of these conditions are contagious. Another common example is red eye that is due to a lack of sleep. Not getting enough sleep decreases oxygen that is available for the eyes; this causes blood vessels to dilate and give the appearance of being red or bloodshot. If your pink or red eye symptoms persist for longer than a day, you should see an optometrist.
Pink eye is generally contagious, especially in the case of viral or bacterial infections. It can be spread through direct contact with discharge from the eye, or through shared objects such as towels or pillows. To prevent the spread of pink eye, it is important to practice good hygiene, avoid touching your eyes, and avoid sharing personal items.
The duration of pink eye can vary, but most cases resolve within a week or two. Viral pink eye tends to resolve more quickly than bacterial pink eye, which may take longer to clear up.
Pink eye is typically diagnosed by an eye doctor during an eye examination. The provider will examine the eye and may take a sample of the discharge to test for the presence of bacteria or viruses. In some cases, allergy testing may be done to determine the cause of the pink eye.
If you have pink eye, it is generally best to stay home until your symptoms have improved. Pink eye can be contagious, so it is important to avoid spreading the infection to others. If you must go to work or school while you have pink eye, it is important to follow proper hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding close contact with others.
In some cases, pink eye can cause discomfort and irritation, which can lead to headaches. However, pink eye is not the direct cause of headaches. If you are experiencing headaches in addition to pink eye, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause and get proper treatment.
In most cases, pink eye is not serious and does not cause vision loss. However, if pink eye is caused by an infection or other underlying health condition, it can lead to more serious complications, such as vision loss. It is important to see a doctor if you have pink eye and are experiencing vision changes or other unusual symptoms.
Pink eye is usually not accompanied by a fever. However, if you have pink eye and also have a fever, it is important to see a doctor to determine the cause and get proper treatment. A fever may indicate a more serious infection or underlying health condition.
People who work in close proximity with others, such as in schools, daycare centers, and healthcare facilities, and those with weakened immune systems, allergies, and contact lens wear are more likely to develop pink eye. Children are also more prone to developing pink eye due to their close proximity to others and their tendency to touch their eyes and face more frequently.
Yes, there are definitely ways to avoid getting pink eye if one or more people in your house has the infection. You must frequently wash your hands, especially before touching your eyes, and avoid sharing towels, linen or anything that comes in contact with that individual’s eyes. Also, try to clean the surfaces that are frequently touched by the infected person. Although this does not guarantee that you would not get pink eye, it would surely prevent the spread of the infection to a large extent.
If you don't have other symptoms such as fever, you may be allowed to go to school or work, but only with your doctor’s approval. It’s best to stay home if you’re able to, especially if your daily activities involve close contact with others since viral and bacterial pink eye is so contagious. When the obvious signs of pink eye are gone, you can return to work or school safely. The symptoms typically go away between 3 to 7 days, but it could take longer. You could also consult with an eye specialist before returning back to work or school. A rough guideline of when you can return to school or work, depending on the type of pink eye, is as follows: For viral pink eye - after 2 days to approximately a week For bacterial pink eye - after 24 hours of taking prescribed antibiotics For allergic pink eye -no need to stay home as it’s not a contagious infection
Pink eye goes away on its own if it’s caused by a virus or an allergic reaction so in that case there is no need to see the doctor. If it’s an allergic pink eye, there are over-the-counter allergy medications that can help. If it’s bacterial pink eye, then you should get prescription antibiotic eye drops from your doctor. Antibiotics only help to cure pink eye if it’s caused by bacteria. If you have pink eye and you’re unsure of the cause, it is recommended that you see your doctor or eye doctor who can diagnose and help treat it. You should see your optometrist if you have pink eye and any of the following: Pain in your eye(s) Light sensitivity Blurry vision, even after carefully wiping away any discharge Your symptoms aren’t going away or are getting worse If you have been prescribed antibiotic eye drops for bacterial pink eye and after 24 hours it’s not helping In addition to pink eye, you have another eye condition You’re immunocompromised
Due to the fact that there are many different types of pink eye or conjunctivitis, it is very hard to determine the length of time a person with pink eye is contagious and how long they need to stay home. The best recommendation is to wait for the symptoms to resolve before going back to school or work which could be anywhere between 3 to 7 days. Symptoms include redness, irritation in the eyes and discharge from the eyes. In schools or day care centers, children are typically in close contact with each other and that is the primary reason that the risk of the infection spreading from one child to the other is very high. The majority of schools would not allow the child to come back until the symptoms are cleared up. Be prepared to keep the child at home until the infection is completely resolved. Pink eye that occurs due to a bacterial infection is usually treated through eye drops. If the child is on antibiotic eye drops for a minimum of 24 hours, then the child is not contagious anymore and may return to school. If the pink eye was caused by a viral infection then you need to let it run its course as there is practically no treatment for it. Symptoms can be relieved through lubricating eye drops and warm compress. Children should not be sent to school until all the symptoms are resolved. When pink eye is caused by an allergy then it is not at all contagious. Allergy eye drops can easily help in relieving the symptoms within a few hours.
If your newborn has pink eye, known as neonatal conjunctivitis, you should visit your doctor immediately. This type of pink eye can be caused by irritation, an infection or a blocked tear duct and the doctor can diagnose the cause. If it’s caused by an infection it could be dangerous and requires immediate treatment. Pink eye in a newborn can be a serious infection and should be treated instantly before it has a long-lasting impact on the sight of the child.
Treatments for pink eye are primarily dependent on the type of infection you have. Some possibilities include: An antibiotic eye drop for bacterial infections Most cases of viral pink eye need to run its course and the body fights the infection off on its own. In severe cases of viral pink eye due to specific viruses, such as herpes simplex or varicella zoster, the doctor may prescribe an antiviral eye drop For allergic conjunctivitis - allergy eye drops containing antihistamine can be used Try not to self diagnose yourself as soon as you see symptoms of pink eye. Schedule a consultation with your eye doctor to get the right treatment plan and find out the exact cause of the infection.
Yes, disposable lenses that were worn by the individual before or while having pink eye or an infection, should be immediately thrown out. But if you have hard lenses, make sure you clean them properly before using them again. Individuals who currently have pink eye are very unlikely to use lenses while they have symptoms of redness, itchiness, watery discharge etc. You can easily avoid eye infections if you use sterile contact lens solutions and store your contacts carefully. Washing and properly cleaning your hands before insertion and removal of lens is highly recommended.
Pink eye can be caused by allergies, bacterial infections or viral infections. The most common symptoms of pink eye or conjunctivitis may include one or more of the following: Tears Itchiness Pain in the Eyes Discharge from the eyes Swelling Blurry vision A feeling of a foreign particle in the eye Sensitivity to brightness or light
Sometimes, pink eye does go away on its own, especially with viral conjunctivitis or allergies. Depending on the type of infection you have, it may take a few days to a couple of weeks for the infection to fully clear up. If it’s a bacterial pink eye, you need prescription antibiotic eye drops from your doctor. You can relieve the symptoms of all types of pink eye using over-the-counter artificial tear eye drops. Warm compress can help for viral and bacterial pink eye and cold compress is recommended for allergic pink eye. If you have a frequent condition of pink eye then you might want to consider a discussion with your doctor about the possible causes and the best preventive measures.
Pink eye usually lasts between 3 to 7 days. With some types of infections, the course of time could extend to a few weeks.
If a family member has viral or bacterial pink eye, then you need to be very careful as the condition can be extremely contagious. You should try to avoid contact or proximity with people who have pink eye until it is cleared up. Some helpful precautions include: Refrain from touching the eyes or mouth Wash your hands properly Special care of cleanliness should be taken before insertion and removal of contact lenses Regularly wash clothes, pillowcases, towels etc. Restrict going out of the house if you or a loved one has pink eye Don’t share makeup or other things that come in contact with the eyes Swim goggles are recommended when swimming Practise good hygiene
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Summary

Pink eye is an extremely common inflammation of the front layer of the eye which causes red irritated eyes. There are different causes for pink eye and identifying the cause allows for the proper treatment. Pink eye usually goes away within a few weeks. If you have pink eye and the symptoms are not improving or are getting worse after 24 hours, please schedule an appointment with your eye doctor who can properly diagnose the cause and provide the appropriate treatment.

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